Modern Software Experience

2011-04-08

Documenting GEDCOM

GEDCOM versions

Different GEDCOM versions support different GEDCOM tags. Newer versions of GEDCOM do not just introduce new tags, but drop support for older tags as well.

The GEDCOM specification has a Introduction in front of Chapter 1. That introduction lists changes with respect to earlier versions. It even explicitly lists which tags were added or removed. Sadly, these statements are neither entirely correct nor complete.

This article documents all the discrepancies I've noted over the years, and presents an overview of GEDCOM tags that incorporates all these observations. I do not claim that this overview is entirely accurate, but it certainly addresses a lot of misinformation published by FamilySearch itself. Additions and corrections are very welcome.

GEDCOM 5.x

The GEDCOM 5.0 draft specification was introduced in 1991. It was followed by GEDCOM 5.5 in 1995. In between several more draft were published, most notably GEDCOM 5.3.

For a long time, the GEDCOM 5.0 specification was not publicly available. Last year (2010), I asked FamilySearch about copies for older GEDCOM specifications, and after several delays and evasive replies, they admitted that they are unable to find their own standards…

The GEDCOM 5.0 column below was originally a provisional column, based on a reading of the GEDCOM 5.3 and GEDCOM 5.4 specifications, later slightly improved by a reading of the GEDCOM 4.0 specification. It is now based on the GEDCOM 5.0 draft specification of 1991 Sep 25, contributed early in 2016 by Peter Glassenbury.

GEDCOM tag brief description
_IICIndividual Record Count
_FICFamily Record Count
_RULRULes used
ADFAADoption by FAther
ADMOADoption by MOther
DIVODIVOrce.
EOFEnd Of File.
FAMIFAMIly.
PAREPAREnt record
SYSTSYSTem section

earlier specifications

Information on earlier GEDCOM specifications is hard to come by. The table to the right lists some of the tags that earlier versions of GEDCOM included, but this table is not complete.

GEDCOM 3.0

Early in 2016, Brian C. Madsen, co-developer of Genealogical Information Manager (GIM), a shareware genealogy application for MS-DOS, made a scan of the GEDCOM 3.0 specification (1987) available as a PDF.

The appendix GEDCOM Tags Definitions - Department Use (all definitions) lists more tags than those defined within the GEDCOM 3.0 specifciation proper. As most of these occur in GEDCOM 4.0 as well, all these tags have been included in the table below.

GEDCOM 4.0

Late in 2014, Gisbert Berwe, the author of Gen-Plus, made a scan of the GEDCOM 4.0 specification (1989) available as PDF. Mid 2015, the table was updated to include all GEDCOM 4.0 tags. GEDCOM 4.0 contains literally hundreds of tags dropped in later GEDCOM versions. GEDCOM 4.0 includes tags that are commands, all of which starts with a dollar sign, and even a tag that starts with digits instead of a letter.

GEDCOM 5.0

The GEDCOM 5.0 specification contains a section listing changes, but does not specify which tags were removed or added. It would a very large list, because GEDCOM 5.0 has considerably fewer lineage-linked tags than GEDCOM 4.0.
Tags not present in version 5.0 include tags that are listed as removed in the GEDCOM 5.4 specification, for example ARVL and AUDIO, which are absent from the 4.0 and 5.0 specification, introduced in GEDCOM version 5.3, and removed again in version 5.4.
The GEDCOM 5.0 grammar includes CONT but still lacks CONC.
The GEDCOM 5.0 lineage-linked grammar uses DECI, while both earlier and later versions of GEDCOM use DESI. The GEDCOM 5.0 Appendix A, the overview of tags includes DESR, that is an error, it should be DSCR, as in the specification itself. GEDCOM 5.0 Appendix A lacks MARS and WAC, while these do occur in the specification itself.

GEDCOM 5.3

The GEDCOM 5.3 specification does provide a list of Some changes in Version 5.2 - 5.3 that were not in previous 5.x versions, but does not provide simple enumerations of the tags that were added or removed like later GEDCOM versions do.
The only explicitly mentioned change in this section is the addition of the MSTAT tag. The MSTAT tag does not appear in later versions of the GEDCOM specification.

GEDCOM 5.3 is remembered for the introduction of SCHEMA tags; SCHEMA, DEFN, LABL and ISA. This mechanism for declaring vendor-defined tags was dropped in GEDCOM 5.4, but is present in many Family Tree Maker GEDCOM files.

The GEDCOM 5.3 tag overview in Appendix A presents an alphabetical lists of GEDCOM tags, but is neither accurate nor complete. Appendix A lists the tag ISSUE, while the actual tag documented in the rest of the GEDCOM 5.3 specification is ISSU. The tags AUDIO, PHOTO and VIDEO are missing from the list.

The tags CPLR, XLTR and INFT tags do occur in the GEDCOM 5.3 introduction and Appendix A, but they do not occur in the specification itself. Thus, these three tags were actually dropped in GEDCOM 5.3.

GEDCOM 5.4

The last two bullet points of the section Changes introduced or Modified in Version 5.4 are:

  • The following tags were eliminated:
    ARVL, BROT, BUYR, CEME, CNTC, CPLR, DEFM, DPRT, EDTR, FIDE, FILM, GODP, HDOH, HEIR, HFAT, HMOT, INFT, INDX, INTV, ISA, ISSU, ITEM, LABL, LCCN, LGTE, MBR, NAMS, NAMR, OFFI, ORIG, OWNR, PERI, PORT, PWIF, PUBR, RECO, SELR, SEQU, SERS, SIBL, SIGN, SIST, SITE, TXPY, XLTR, WFAT, WITN, WMOT, AUDIO, IMAGE, PHOTO, SCHEMA, VIDEO
  • The following tags were added:
    BLOB, CTRY, CREM, EOBJ, FCOM, GIVN, NPFX, NSFX, OBJE, PEDI, RELA, RESI, RESN, SUBN, SURN, STAT, END

Notice that neither of these two lists of tags is in alphabetical order.

The MSTAT tag introduced in GEDCOM 5.3 does not appear in the GEDCOM 5.4 specification, yet is not listed as one of the tags that has been removed. The GEDCOM 5.4 specifications lists the non-existing MSTA tag as removed instead.

The GEDCOM 5.4 specification supports multimedia through the BLOB tag. This tag allows multimedia objects to be encoded inside the GEDCOM. For compatibility with earlier GEDCOM versions, the BLOBs appear after the TRLR tag. The end of a BLOB object is indicated by the EOBJ tag, while actual end of the GEDCOM file is indicated by the END tag.

The GEDCOM 5.4 draft lists the following tags as removed from GEDCOM: ARVL, AUDIO, BROT, BUYR, CEME, CNTC, CPLR, DEFM, DPRT, EDTR, FIDE, FILM, GODP, HDOH, HEIR, HFAT, HMOT, IMAGE, INFT, INDX, INTV, ISA, ISSU, ITEM, LABL, LCCN, LGTE, MBR, NAMR, NAMS, OFFI, ORIG, OWNR, PERI, PHOTO, PORT, PWIF, PUBR, RECO, SCHEMA, SELR, SEQU, SERS, SIBL, SIGN, SIST, SITE, TXPY, VIDEO, WFAT, WITN, WMOT and XLTR.
The GEDCOM 5.4 specification states that it ended support for DEFM, but it actually ended support for DEFN. There never was a DEFM tag.
The GEDCOM 5.4 specification lists the IMAGE tag as removed in version 5.4, but there is no IMAGE tag in GEDCOM 5.3.
Present in GEDCOM 5.3, but not in 5.4, yet like MSTAT not included in the list of removed tags are CLAS, PHUS, REFS, and SOUND.

The list of tags removed in 5.4 lists LGTE as removed, while it should list LEGA as removed. The GEDCOM 5.3 specification is the last GEDCOM form that the LEGA tag actually occurs in. The GEDCOM 5.3 specification uses LEGA in the GEDCOM form, yet lists LGTE in the Appendix. Both GEDCOM 5.4 document and GEDCOM 5.5 list LEGA in their Appendix, without listing either LEGA or LGTE in the GEDCOM form.

The GEDCOM 5.4 introduction list ORDL as new in GEDCOM 5.4, and lists the tag in the Appendix, but ORDL does not appear in the GEDCOM form.

Although the CPLR, XLTR and INFT tags do occur in the GEDCOM 5.3 specification, they only occur in the introduction and the Appendix, not in the specification itself. Thus, these three tags were actually dropped in GEDCOM 5.3 already.

The GEDCOM 5.4 draft introduced the tags BLOB, CREM, CTRY, FCOM, GIVN, NPFX, OBJE, PEDI, RELA, RESI, RESN, SUBN, SURN and STAT. These remained in GEDCOM 5.5.

GEDCOM 5.5

The GEDCOM 5.5 specification is the official successor to the GEDCOM 5.0 specification. The GEDCOM 5.3 and 5.4 specifications were drafts only. The GEDCOM 5.5 introduction lists changes between the various versions.

5.5 from 5.4

The section Modification in Version 5.5 as a result of the 5.4 (draft) review list a number of bullet points that summarise the changes. The text of the last bullet point is

  • The following tags were added:
    ADR1, ADR2, CITY, NICK, POST, SPFX

This list of added tags is not complete. As mentioned in another bullet point, GEDCOM 5.5 also introduced the RIN tag.

5.4 from 5.3

The last two bullet points of the section Changes introduced or Modified in Draft Version 5.4 are:

  • The following tags are no longer used in the Lineage-Linked Form:
    ARVL, BROT, BUYR, CEME, CNTC, CPLR, DEFM, DPRT, EDTR, FIDE, FILM, GODP, HDOH, HEIR, HFAT, HMOT, INFT, INDX, INTV, ISA, ISSU, ITEM, LABL, LCCN, LGTE, MBR, NAMS, NAMR, OFFI, ORIG, OWNR, PERI, PORT, PWIF, PUBR, RECO, SELR, SEQU, SERS, SIBL, SIGN, SIST, SITE, TXPY, XLTR, WFAT, WITN, WMOT, AUDIO, IMAGE, PHOTO, SCHEMA, VIDEO
  • The following tags were added:
    BLOB, CTRY, CREM, FCOM, GIVN, NPFX, NSFX, OBJE, PEDI, RELA, RESI, RESN, SUBN, SURN, STAT

Notice that neither of these two lists of tags is in alphabetical order.

Note that those two lists should be, but are not identical to those in the GEDCOM 5.4 specification itself. The GEDCOM 5.5 specification does not mention the END or EOBJ tags introduced in GEDCOM 5.4. Both seem to have been silently withdrawn after FamilySearch realised that both tags are superfluous.

5.4 from 5.3

The section Changes introduced in Draft Version 5.3 does not provide a list of new or removed tag. Other bullet points do mention that the MSTA tag and the SCHEMA tags were introduced in 5.3 and removed again in 5.4, and that use of the CPLR, XLTR and INFT tags in source substructures was discontinued.
Those statements are not entirely correct; GEDCOM 5.3 did not introduce the MSTA tag, but the MSTAT tag.

The GEDCOM 5.5 document does not correct, but repeats misinformation from GEDCOM 5.4 document. Although the CPLR, XLTR and INFT tags do occur in the GEDCOM 5.3 document, they only occur in the introduction and the Appendix, not in the specification itself. Thus, these three tags were actually dropped in GEDCOM 5.3 already.

summary

The GEDCOM 5.4 draft dropped support for the SCHEMA stuff introduced in GEDCOM 5.3, and several other tags. The statements provided about this in the GEDCOM 5.5 document are not accurate.

The GEDCOM 5.4 draft introduced BLOB, CREM, CTRY, FCOM, GIVN, NPFX, OBJE, PEDI, RELA, RESI, RESN, SUBN, SURN and STAT. These remained in GEDCOM 5.5.
GEDCOM 5.5 additionally added the tags ADR1, ADR2, CITY, NICK, POST and SPFX as result of the GEDCOM 5.4 draft review.

The list of tags introduced in 5.5 is not complete. The GEDCOM 5.5 specification additionally introduced RIN. The inclusion of this new tag is mentioned in one of the introduction's bullet points, yet the tag is missing from the list of new tags.

GEDCOM 5.5.1

GEDCOM 5.5.1 removed the tag BLOB and added EMAIL, FAX, FACT, FONE, ROMN, WWW, MAP, LATI and LONG.

GEDCOM 5.5.1 is the de facto GEDCOM standard. Most genealogy applications, even those that claim to support GEDCOM version 5.5, use some or all of these tags.

5.5.1 from 5.5

The section Modifications in Version 5.5.1 ends with the following two points:

The following tags were added:

EMAILelectronic mailing address
FAXFAX address
FACTA fact or characteristic.
FONEPhonetic variation of a text.
ROMNRomanised variation of a text.
WWWWeb home page address.
MAPPertaining to maps.
LATIvalue of a latitudinal coordinate pertaining to the place of an event
LONGvalue of a longitudinal coordinate pertaining to the place of an event.

The following tag was removed:

BLOB 

Notice that the list of tags added in 5.5.1 is not in alphabetical order.

GEDCOM 5.5.2

GEDCOM 5.5.2 (also known as GEDCOM 5.6) was never officially released. It became public early in 2011, more than a decade after its creation. It is historically interesting because it introduced the GEDXML format.
The article GEDCOM 5.6 examined the changes introduced in GEDCOM 5.5.2 and concluded that although GEDCOM readers should be updated to support GEDCOM 5.5.2, the recommended output default remains GEDCOM 5.5.1 (that wss before the publication of the GEDCOM 5.5.1 Annotated Edition, and the GEDCOM 5.5.5 standard).

5.5.2 from 5.5

The section Modifications in Version 5.6 ends with the following two points:

The following tags were added:

CLNDRCalendar type
EMAILElectronic mailing address
FAXFAX address
FACTA fact or characteristic.
FONEPhonetic variation of a text.
MAPPertaining to maps.
LATIvalue of a latitudinal coordinate pertaining to the place of an event
LONGvalue of a longitudinal coordinate pertaining to the place of an event.
ROMNRomanised variation of a text.
URLWeb page address.
WACLDS Temple ordinance event.

The following tag was removed:

BLOBdecision not to allow imbedded multimedia objects.
LEGAnot used in any valid substructures.

Notice that most of the tags that the GEDCOM 5.5.2 specification lists as added in version 5.6 were actually added in version 5.5.1.

The GEDCOM 5.5.2 specification additionally added ORDL, a tag first mentioned in the GEDCOM 5.4 specification.

GEDCOM 5.5.2 contains a small table that highlights the differences between GEDCOM version 5.5, 5.5.1 and 5.5.2. The only truly new tags are CLNDR and WAC; URL is not really a new tag, but a new name for the WWW tag, which was introduced in GEDOCM 5.5.1.
The BLOB and LEGA tags were dropped in GEDCOM 5.5.1 already. The EMAIL, FACT, FAX, FONE, LATI, LONG, MAP and ROMN tags were all introduced in GEDCOM 5.5.1.

Overview Table

3.04.0 5.05.3 5.45.5 5.5.15.5.2 5.5.5 GEDCOM tagbrief description
                
YY N N N N N N N $ADDAdd.
YY NN NN NN N $DELETEDelete.
YY NN NN NN N $EODEnd of Data.
YY NN NN NN N $QUERYQuery
YY NN NN NN N $UPDATEUpdate.
NY NN NN NN N 19DDuplicate Override.
                
YN NN NN NN N +Synonym for CONT.
NY NN YY YY Y ABBRAbbreviation.
YY NN NN NN N ACTIAction Code.
NY NN NN NN N ACTNActual Name
YY NN NN NN N ADDIAdditional.
YY YY YY YY Y ADDRPostal address.
YY NN NN NN N ADMIAdmistrator
NY YY YY YY Y ADOPAdoption.
NN NN NY YY Y ADR1Address line 1.
NN NN NY YY Y ADR2Address line 2.
NN NN NN YY Y ADR3Address line 3.
YY NN NN NN N AENTA Entry
YY YY YY YY Y AGEAge at time of event.
NY NN NN NN N AGEFAge Female
NY NN NN NN N AGEMAge Male
NN NY YY YY Y AGNCGovernment agency.
YY YY YY YY N ALIAalias link to another record.
YY NN NN NN N ALPHAlpha Code
NY NN NN NN N ALSOAlso From
YY NN NN NN N ANCEAncestor
NY YY YY YY N ANCIAncestral interest.
NY YY YY YY Y ANULAnnulment.
NY NN NN NN N AREFAlso Reference
NN NY NN NN N ARVLArrival.
YN NN NN NN N ASSIAssistent.
NY YY YY YY Y ASSOAssociates.
NY NN NN NN N ATLAAtlas
NN NY NN NN N AUDIOAudio.
NY YY YY YY Y AUTHAuthor.
YY YY YY YY Y BAPMBaptism.
NY YY YY YY Y BARMBar Mitzvah (Jewish boy).
NY YY YY YY Y BASMBas Mitzvah (Jewish girl).
YY NN NN NN N BATCBatch
NY NN NN NN N BENB Entries Flag
YY NN NN NN N BENTB Entry
YY YY YY YY Y BIRTBirth.
NN NN YY NN N BLOBBinary Large OBject.
NY NN NN NN N BOOKBook
YY NN NN NN N BRIDBride
NN NY NN NN N BROTBrother.
YY YY YY YY Y BURIBurial.
NN YY NN NN N BUYRBuyer.
NY NN NN NN N BYTEByte
NY YY YY YY Y CALNCall number within repository.
NN YY YY YY Y CASTCaste
YY YY YY YY Y CAUSCause.
NY NN NN NN N CDATCompletion Date
NY YY NN NN N CEMECemetery.
YY YY YY YY Y CENSCensus.
YY YY YY YY Y CHANChange.
YY YY YY YY Y CHARCharacter set or encoding.
YY NN NN NN N CHECChecksum.
YN NN NN NN N CHEKName of the examiner.
YY YY YY YY Y CHILChild.
YY YY YY YY Y CHRChristening.
NN YY YY YY Y CHRAAdult christening.
NY NN NN NN N CIFFChild in Family Family Record File Number
YY NN NN NN N CITACitation
YY NN NY YY Y CITYCity.
YY NN NN NN N CIVICivil Condition
NY NN NN NN N CIVILCivil Data
NN NY NN NN N CLASClassification.
YY NN NN NN N CLRKClerck (recorder).
NN YY NN NN N CNTCContact person.
NY NN NN NN N CNTRContributor
YY NN NN NN N COCountry
YY NN NN NN N CODECode
YY NN NN NN N CODICodicil
NY NN NN NN N COFNResearch Coordinator Individual Record File Number
YY NN NN NN N COLOColor
YY NN NN NN N COMMComment
NY NN NN NN N COMPComputer Identification
NN NY YY YY Y CONCConcatenate lines.
NY NN NN NN N CONDCondition
YY YY YY YY Y CONFConfirmation.
YY YY YY YY Y CONTContinue on next line.
NY NN NN NN N COONResearch Coordination Flag
NY NN NN NN N COORCoordinator
NN YY YY YY Y COPRCopyright statement.
NY NY YY YY Y CORPCorporation.
YY NN NN NN N CORRCorrection
NY NN NN NN N COSTCost
YY NN NN NN N COUNCount
YY NN NN NN N COUPCouple
NY NN NN NN N COURCourt
NY NN NN NN N COVECoverage
NN YN NN NN N CPLRCompiler (person, not program).
YN NN NN NN N CREACreation.
NN NN YY YY Y CREMCremation.
NY NN NN NN N CRIMCriminal
YY NN YY YY Y CTRYCountry.
YY YY YY YY Y DATAData.
YY YY YY YY Y DATEDate.
YY NN NN NN N DAUDaughter
NY NN NN NN N DCHRDisk Characteristics
YY YY YY YY Y DEATDeath.
NN YN NN NN N DECIDEsCendants interest.
NY NY YY YY N DESIDescendant Interest Level.
YY YY YY YY Y DESTDestination system.
NY NN NN NN N DIRDirection
NY NN NN NN N DISCDisc
NY NN NN NN N DISKDisk identification
YY YY YY YY Y DIVDivorce.
NY YY YY YY Y DIVFDivorce filed.
NY NN NN NN N DOCSDocument Source Code
NN YY NN NN N DPRTDeparture.
NN YY YY YY Y DSCRPhysical description.
YY NN NN NN N DUPDuplicate.
YY NN NN NN N DWELDwelling.
NN YY NN NN N EDTREditor (person).
NY YY YY YY Y EDUCEducation.
NN NN NN YY Y EMAILemail address.
YY YY YY YY Y EMIGEmigration.
NY NN NN NN N EMPLEmployment
YY NN YN NN N ENDEND of file.
NY NN NN NN N ENDEnd
NY YY YY YY Y ENGAEngagement.
YY NN NN NN N ENTREntry.
YY NN NN NN N ENUMEnumeration District.
YY NN NN NN N ENUREnumerator.
NY NN YN NN N EOBJEnd of OBJect.
YY NN NN NN N EOFEnd of File.
YY NN NN NN N EVALEvaluation.
YY YY YY YY Y EVENEvent.
NY NN NN NN N EXCEException
YY NN NN NN N EXCOExcommunication.
YY NN NN NN N EXECExecutor.
YY NN NN NN N EXPLExplanation.
NY NN NN NN N EXTDExtended Relatives
YY NN NN NN N EXTRExtractor.
NN NN NN YY Y FACTFact.
YY YY YY YY Y FAM"Family".
YY YY YY YY Y FAMCChild within "family".
YY NN NN NN N FAMOFamily Organisation.
NY NN NN NN N FAMPFamily Parent
YY NN NN NN N FAMRFamily Representative.
YY YY YY YY Y FAMSSpouse within "family".
NN NN NN YY Y FAX fax (phone) number.
NY NN YY YY Y FCOMFirst communion.
YY NN NN NN N FEMAFemale.
YY NN NN NN N FGRFamily Group Record
NN YY NN NN N FIDEFidelity (of a record).
YY YY YY YY Y FILEFilename.
NY YY NN NN N FILMFilm number.
YY NN NN NN N FLAGFlag
NY NN NN NN N FOFNFamily Organisation File Number
YY NN NN NN N FOLIFolio
NY NN NN YY Y FONEPhonetic spelling.
YY NN NN NN N FOREForename
NY NN NN NN N FORGFamily Organisation
NN YY YY YY Y FORMFormat.
YY NN NN NN N FOSTFoster
YY NN NN NN N FRAMFrame
NY NN NN NN N FRFNFamily Record File Number
NY NN NN NN N FROMFrom
NY NN NN NN N FSUBForm Subdivision
NY NN NN NN N FUNCFunction
NN YY YY YY Y GEDCGEDCOM details.
YY NN NN NN N GENEGenealogy
YY NN YY YY Y GIVNGiven name.
YY NN NN NN N GNRLGeneral.
NN NY NN NN N GODPGodparent.
NY YY YY YY Y GRADGraduation.
YY NN NN NN N GROOGroom.
NY NN NN NN N GUARGuardian
YY NN NN NN N HAMLHamlet.
YY NN NN NN N HANDHandicap.
YY NN NN NN N HDOFHead of Family.
YY YY NN NN N HDOHHead of household.
YY YY YY YY Y HEADGEDCOM header.
NY NN NN NN N HEALHealth
YY YY NN NN N HEIRHeir.
NN YY NN NN N HFATHusband's father.
YY NN NN NN N HISTHistory (story).
NY NY NN NN N HMOTHusband's mother.
YY YY YY YY Y HUSBHusband in "family".
NY NN NN NN N IBRZIndividual Browse
YY NN NN NN N IDIdentification.
NN NY YY YY Y IDNOIdentity number.
YY NN NN NN N ILLEIllegitimate.
NY NN NN NN N ILLUIllustrated
NN NN NN NN N IMAGEImage
YY NY YY YY Y IMMIImmigration.
YY NN NN NN N INDEIndex
YY YY YY YY Y INDIIndividual record.
NN YY NN NN N INDXIndexed.
YY NN NN NN N INFAInfant
YY NN NN NN N INFOInformation
NY YN NN NN N INFTInformant.
NN YY NN NN N INTVInterviewer.
NY NN NN NN N IRFNIndividual Record File Number
NN YY NN NN N ISSUIssue (periodical).
NY YY NN NN N ITEMItem.
YY YY YY YY Y LANGLanguage.
YY NN NN NN N LASTLast Update.
YY NN NN YY Y LATILatitude.
NY NN NN NN N LDATLog-in Date
NN YY NN NN N LCCNLibrary of Congress Call Number.
NN NY NN NN N LEGALegatee (LGTE).
YY NN NN NN N LENLength.
NY NN NN NN N LINELine
YY NN NN NN N LINKLinkage.
YY NN NN NN N LIVELiving Indicator.
NY NN NN NN N LOCLocality Key
YY NN NN NN N LOCALocality.
NY NN NN NN N LOCCLocality Call
NY NN NN NN N LOCDLocality Direct
NY NN NN NN N LOCGLocality General
NY NN NN NN N LOCHLocality High
NY NN NN NN N LOCILocality Information
NY NN NN NN N LOCLLocality Low
NY NN NN NN N LOCMLocality Middle
NY NN NN NN N LOCNLocality County
NY NN NN NN N LOCOLocality Coutry
NY NN NN NN N LOCQLocality Diref
NY NN NN NN N LOCRLocality Reference
NY NN NN NN N LOCCLocality See
NY NN NN NN N LOCULocality Use
NY NN NN NN N LOCSLocality Scope
YY NN NN YY Y LONGLongitude.
NY NN NN NN N LSFLocality Subject
YY NN NN NN N LVGLiving
NY NN NN NN N MAIDMaiden
YY NN NN NN N MALEMale
NY NN NN YY Y MAPMap coordinates.
NY YY YY YY Y MARBMarriage Bann (announcement).
NY YY YY YY Y MARCMarriage Contract.
YY NN NN NN N MARDMarried.
NY YY YY YY Y MARLMarriage License.
YY YY YY YY Y MARRMarriage.
NY YY YY YY Y MARSMarriage settlement.
YY NN NN NN N MARYMarried in Year.
NN YY YY YY Y MEDIMedia.
NY NN NN NN N MESSMessage
NN YY NN NN N MBRMember.
YY NN NN NN N MICRMicroform Number.
NY NN NN NN N MILIMilitary
YY NN NN NN N MINRMinor.
YY NN NN NN N MISCMiscellaneous
YY NN NN NN N MONTMonth
NY NY NN NN N MSTATMarriage Status.
YY NN NN NN N MTDMonth to Date.
YY YY YY YY Y NAMEName.
NY YY NN NN N NAMRReligous name.
NY YY NN NN N NAMSName sake (godparent).
NN YY YY YY Y NATINationality.
YY YY YY YY Y NATUNaturalisation.
NN YY YY YY Y NCHINumber of children.
NN NN NY YY Y NICKNickname.
NN YY YY YY Y NMRNumber of "marriages".
YY YY YY YY Y NOTENote.
YY NN NN NN N NOTINotification.
NN NN YY YY Y NPFXName prefix.
NN NN YY YY Y NSFXName suffix.
YY NN NN NN N NUMBNumber
NY NN NN NN N NUMPNumber of Pages
NY NN NN NN N NXTBNext Buffer
NY NN YY YY Y OBJEObject.
YY YY YY YY Y OCCUOccupation.
YY YY NN NN N OFFIOfficiator.
YY NN NN NN N OLDOld
YY NN NN NN N OPEROperator
YY NN YY YY N ORDIOrdinance.
YY YY YY YY N ORDNOrdination.
YY NN NN NN N ORGOrganisation
NN NY NN NN N ORIGOrigination.
NY NN NN NN N ORPHOrphan
YY NN NN NN N OTHEOther
YY NN NN NN N OUTOut of Sequence
YY NN NN NN N OVEROverride
NN NY NN NN N OWNROwner of property.
NY NN NN NN N PACKPacket Number
YY YY YY YY Y PAGEPage number.
YY NN NN NN N PAREParent.
YN NN NN NN N PARIParish.
YY NN NN NN N PARTPart.
NY NN NN NN N PASLPassenger List
YY NN NN NN N PATCPatronymic Flag.
YY NN NN NN N PATRPatron.
NY NN NN NN N PBRZParent Browse
YY NN NN NN N PEDPedigree.
YY NN NN NN N PEDCPedigree Chart.
NN NN YY YY Y PEDIPedigree.
NY NN NN NN N PENSPension
NN YY NN NN N PERIPeriod in time.
NY NN NN NN N PERSPersonal
YY YY YY YY Y PHONPhone number.
NN NY NN NN N PHOTOPhotograph.
NN NY NN NN N PHUSPrevious husband.
NY NN NN NN N PIDPersonal Identification
NY NN NN NN N PIFFParent in Family Family Record File Number
YY YY YY YY Y PLACPlace.
NY NY NN NN N PORTPort.
YY NN NY YY Y POSTPostal code.
NY NN NN NN N POVEPoverty
YY NN NN NN N PREFPrefix.
YY NN NN NN N PREVPrevious.
YY NN NN NN N PRINPrincipal.
YY NN NN NN N PRIOPriority.
NY NN NN NN N PRNTPrintout Call Number
YY YY YY YY Y PROBProbate.
YY YY YY YY Y PROPProperty (land).
NY NN NN NN N PROTPrototype
NY NN NN NN N PROVProvided
YY NN NN NN N PROXProxy.
NY NN NN NN N PRTRPrinter Identfication
NY NN NN NN N PRVBPrevious Buffer
NY NN NN NN N PSUBPatron Subject
NY YY YY YY Y PUBLPublication.
NY YY NN NN N PUBRPublisher.
NY NN NN NN N PVMGPrevious Marriage
NY NN NN NN N PVRLParish and Vital Recordds List
NN NY NN NN N PWIFPrevious wife.
YY NN NN NN N QAULQualified.
NY YY YY YY Y QUAYQuality of data.
YY NN NN NN N RACERace.
NY NN NN NN N RANGRange
NY NN NN NN N REALReal Estate
YY NN NN NN N REBARebaptism
YY NN NN NN N RECDReceived
YY YY NN NN N RECORecorder.
NY NN NN NN N RECRRecord
YY YY YY YY Y REFNReference number.
YY NN NN NN N REGDRegistration District.
NN YY NN NN N REFSReferenced source.
YY NN NN NN N REGIRegion.
YY NN NN NN N REJERejection
YY YN NN NN N RELRelationship
NN NN YY YY Y RELARelationship.
YY YY YY YY Y RELIReligion.
YY NN NN NN N REMARemarks
YY YY YY YY Y REPORepository.
NY NN NN NN N REQDRequired
YY NN NN NN N EQURequest.
NY NN NN NN N RESRestriction
YY NN YY YY Y RESIResidence.
NY NN YY YY N RESNAccess restriction.
NY YY YY YY Y RETIRetirement.
NN NN NY YY Y RINRecord Identification Number.
NY YY YY YY Y ROLERole.
NN NN NN YY Y ROMNRomanisation.
YY NN NN NN N SCHOSchool in Year
NN YY NN NN N SELRSeller.
YY YY NN NN N SEQUSequence.
YY NN NN NN N SERISerial Number
NY YY NN NN N SERSSeries (volume within a series).
YY YY YY YY Y SEXGender.
YY NN NN NN N SHEESheet Number.
NY NN NN NN N SHIPShip
YY NY NN NN N SIBLSibling.
NN YY NN NN N SIGNSignature.
NN NY NN NN N SISTSister.
NN NY NN NN N SITESite (specific building).
YY NN NN NN N SONSon
NY NN NN NN N SORTSort
NN NY NN NN N SOUNDSound bytes.
YY YY YY YY Y SOURSource.
NY NN NN NN N SPEISpecific
NN NN NY YY Y SPFXSurname prefix.
NY NN NN NN N SREFSee Reference
YY NN NN NN N STACStatistics
NN NY YY YY N SSNSocial Security Number.
YN NN NY YY Y STAEState.
YN YY YY YY N STATObject Status.
NY NN NN NN N STDNStandard Name
NY YN NN NN N STILStillborn
YY NN NN NN N SUBSubordinate
NY NN NN NN N SUBJSubject
YY YY YY YY Y SUBMSubmitter (creator of GEDCOM file).
YY NN YY YY Y SURNSurname.
YY NN NN NN N SUROSurname Organisation
YY NN NN NN N SYMBSymbol
YY NN NN NN N SYSTSystem
YY NN NN NN N TAPETape
NY NN NN NN N TASKTask
YY YY YY YY Y TEXTText.
YY YY YY YY Y TIMETime.
YY NN NN NN N TIMPTime Period
YY YY YY YY Y TITLTitle.
NY NN NN NN N TMPLTemplate
YY NN NN NN N TOWCTown/Township
YY NN NN NN N TOWNTown
NY NN NN NN N TRAKTracking System
YY NN NN NN N TRANTransmission.
NY NN NN NN N TRASTranscription
YY YY YY YY Y TRLRTrailer.
NN YY NN NN N TXPYTaxpayer.
NY NN NN NN N TWPTownship
YY YY YY YY Y TYPEType.
NY NN NN NN N UNIFUniform Title
YY NN NN NN N UPDAUpdate.
YY NN NN NN N VALUValue.
YY NN NN NN N VERIVerify.
NN YY YY YY Y VERSVersion number.
NY NY NN NN N VIDEOVideo.
YY NN NN NN N VITAVitals.
YY NN NN NN N VOIDVoid
YY NN NN NN N VOLUVolume.
YY NN NN NN N WARDWard.
NN NY NN NN N WFATWife's father.
YY NN NN NN N WIDOWidow.
YY YY YY YY Y WIFEWife.
YY YY YY YY Y WILLWill.
YY YY NN NN N WITNWitness.
NY NY NN NN N WMOTWife's mother.
NY NN NN YN Y WWWWorld wide web address (URL).
NY YN NN NN N XLTRTranslator.
YY NN NN NN N YEARYear.
YY NN NN NN N YOUNYoungest's Child Individual Record Pointer.
YY NN NN NN N YTDYear to Date.
              
GEDCOM 5.3 SCHEMA tags
NY NY NN NN N SCHEMASchema.
NY NY NN NN N DEFNDefinition.
NY NY NN NN N LABLLabel.
NY NY NN NN N ISAis-a: inherits characteristics.
              
GEDCOM 5.5.2 tags
NY NN NN NY N CLNDRCaLenDaR.
NY NN NN NY N URLURL.
              
LDS tags
YY NN NN NN N ABYAbeyance
NY NN YY YY N ANCEAncestors.
NY YY YY YY N AFNAncestral File Number.
YN NN NN NN N AREALDS Area.
YY NN NN NN N ASSDAssigned.
YY YY YY YY N BAPLLDS baptims.
YY NN NN NN N BICBorn In Convenant.
YY YY YY YY N BLESBlessing.
YN NN NN NN N BUCBorn Uncder Convenant.
YY NN NN NN N BLSLBlessing LDS
YY NN NN NN N CANCCancellation of sealing.
YY NN NN NN N CLEACleared for proxy ordinances.
YN NN NN NN N CONEConfidential code.
YY YY YY YY N CONLLDS confirmation.
YY NN YY YY N DESCDescendant.
YY YY YY YY N ENDLLDS Endownment.
YY NN NY YY N FAMFFamily File.
NY NN NN NN N FHCFamily History Centre.
YY NN NN NN N FONLFile Only.
YY NN NN NN N GSCGenealogical Service Centre.
YY NN NN NN N HEILHeir LDS
YY NN NN NN N HEPRHeir or Proxy
YY NN NN NN N INFLInfant LDS
YY NN NN NN N INSTInstance of.
YY NN NN NN N NULLNullify.
YY NN NN NY N ORDLLDS Ordination.
YY NN NN NN N POLYPolygamous (multiple sealings).
YY NN NN NN N PRESPresumed Cancellation
NY NN NN NN N RARSReceiving and Routing System
YY NN NN NN N RATIRatification and Reconfirmation
YY NN NN NN N RESEReseal.
YY NN NN NN N RESTRestoration.
YY YY YY YY N RFNRecord File Number (within a file).
NY NN NN NN N SBIDSubmission Identification
YY NN NN NN N SEARSealing Restriction.
YY NN NN NN N SELFSelf
NY NN NN NN N SERVService
YY NN NN NN N SISSIS Flag: restricted information.
YY YY YY YY N SLGCSealing of Child.
YN NN NN NN N SLGPSealing Parent.
YY YY YY YY N SLGSSealing of Spouse.
YY NN NN NN N SPECSpecial Attention.
YY NN NN NN N SPEPSpecial Processing.
YY NN NN NN N SPLISplit Flag.
YY NN NN NN N SPURSpurious Records
YY NN NN NN N STALStake LDS
NY YY NN NN N STATSearch Status.
YY YN YY YY N SUBNSubmission.
YY YY YY YY N TEMPLDS Temple code.
YY NN NN NN N TORTemple Originated Record
NY NN NN NN N UDERUDE record
YY NN NN NN N VOILVoid Living
YY YY NN NY N WACWashing And Clothing.
YY NN NN NN N WARLWard LDS
           

dealing with misspelled tags

GEDCOM 5.3 introduced the MSTAT tag, yet newer specifications erroneously state it introduced the MSTA tag. GEDCOM 5.3 also introduced the ISSU tag, yet the Appendix lists it as the ISSUE tag instead. GEDCOM 5.5.1 introduced the EMAIL tag, but some products use EMAI instead.

The GEDCOM specification takes precedence over implementations. The specification that actually introduced the tag takes precedence over mentions in other specifications. The actual specification takes precedence over the introduction and the Appendix.
The actual tag names are MSTAT, ISSU and EMAIL; MSTA, ISSUE and EMAI aren't GEDCOM tags, but misspellings of these three GEDCOM tags.

A GEDCOM reader should recognise GEDCOM tags and produce errors for anything else. For these three misspellings, the GEDCOM reader should produce a non-fatal error to let the user know the input is erroneous, and then continue parsing the GEDCOM file as if the correct tag was used.

sources

The original text and table were created from personal notes, which reference the GEDCOM specifications mentioned. The relatively recent documents, GEDCOM 5.5 and GEDCOM 5.5.1 are easy to find, older ones are hard to come by.
Several genealogy software authors contributed corrections to the original table. Please report any additions and corrections you may have.

updates

2011-04-08 instant update

David A. Knight, author of Gedcom.NET and the GedView application for iOS, spotted that all the check marks and crosses in the FACT row were switched around.

2011-05-18 & 2011-05-22: corrections

Louis Kessler, author of Behold, reported corrections for ADR3, EMAIL, INDX, MSTAT, NAMR, RIN and WAC. Noted a few tags that were missing, out of order or misspelled.

2011-07-01 GEDCOM 5.3 SCHEMA

Added a brief paragraph about the GEDCOM 5.3 SCHEMA tags.

2014-08-29: GEDCOM specifications

FamilySearch has removed the GEDCOM 5.5 and 5.5.1 specifications from their site. These and other specifications can now be found on the FamilySearch GEDCOM Specifications page.

2015-06-04: GEDCOM 4.0

Added GEDCOM 4.0 tags.

2016-02-06: GEDCOM 5.0

Reviewed and updated the formerly provisional GEDCOM 5.0 tags column.

2016-02-08: GEDCOM 3.0

Added GEDCOM 3.0 column.

2020-10-06: FATH, MOTH, SPOU

Removed FATH, MOTH, and SPOU rows: these are roles, not records. A thank you to Jeff Bonevich for pointing this out.

2020-10-08: GEDCOM 5.5.5

Finally added the GEDCOM 5.5.5 column.

links

GEDCOM

contributors